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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) files are text-based documents used for creating and structuring web pages. They are plain text files that contain markup (tags) defining the structure, content, and formatting of a web page.
HTML files commonly use the following file extensions:
- .html: This is the most widely used file extension for HTML files. It stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is used to create and structure web pages.
- .htm: This is an alternative file extension to .html. It serves the same purpose and is often used in older systems or environments where file name length is restricted.
Usage and Differences:
- Compatibility: Both .html and .htm extensions are recognized by web browsers and web servers for serving HTML content.
- Naming Convention: The choice between .html and .htm typically depends on personal preference or organizational standards.
Example:
If you have an HTML file named “index.html”, it would be accessible in a web browser via a URL like
http://example.com/index.html. Similarly, an “about.htm” file would be accessible viahttp://example.com/about.htm.Characteristics of HTML Files:
- Text-based Format: HTML files are written in plain text using a markup language.
- Markup Language: HTML uses tags (e.g.,
<html>,<head>,<body>,<p>,<img>) to define elements and their attributes to structure and present content on web pages. - Extension: HTML files typically have a
.htmlor.htmfile extension. - Interpretation: Web browsers interpret HTML files to render web pages for users, displaying text, images, links, forms, and other elements defined in the HTML code.
- Structure: HTML files have a basic structure that includes a
<!DOCTYPE>declaration,<html>,<head>, and<body>tags, among others, to define the document type, metadata, and content respectively.
Applications:
- Web Development: HTML files are essential in web development for creating static and dynamic web pages.
- Integration: HTML integrates with other web technologies such as CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) for styling and JavaScript for interactivity.
- Compatibility: HTML files can be opened and edited with any text editor and are universally supported by web browsers on various platforms (desktop, mobile, etc.).
While .html is more commonly used, .htm remains a viable alternative for HTML files. Both extensions are equally valid for defining and displaying content on the web, and the choice between them is often based on historical reasons or naming conventions within a project or organization.
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