Difference between paint and primer

Paint and primer serve different purposes in the process of finishing surfaces, such as walls, wood, or metal.

1. Purpose:
   • Primer: Primer is designed to prepare and seal the surface before painting. It creates a smooth and even base for paint to adhere to. Primers can also block stains, hide imperfections, promote adhesion, and improve the durability of the paint job.
   • Paint: Paint is the final decorative coating applied to the surface. It adds color, texture, and protection to the substrate.
2. Composition:
   • Primer: Primers are typically made with high levels of binders and pigments, which help in creating a strong bond with the substrate and provide a uniform surface for paint application.
   • Paint: Paint contains pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. The pigments provide color, while binders (such as resins) hold the paint together and onto the surface. Additives can enhance properties like durability, sheen, and drying time.
3. Functionality:
   • Primer: Primers are formulated to promote adhesion, seal porous surfaces, block stains, and improve the overall appearance and durability of the paint job. They also help in achieving a consistent finish and can reduce the number of paint coats needed.
   • Paint: Paint adds color and aesthetic appeal to the surface, as well as providing protection against moisture, UV rays, abrasion, and other environmental factors.
4. Application:
   • Primer: Applied as the first coat before painting, primer is usually thinner and may require fewer coats than paint. It is spread evenly to ensure proper coverage and adhesion.
   • Paint: Applied after primer, paint is thicker and comes in various finishes (like flat, satin, semi-gloss, and gloss). It is applied in multiple coats for color coverage and desired appearance.
5. Surface Suitability:
   • Primer: Primers are formulated for specific surfaces such as wood, drywall, metal, or masonry. They help prepare these surfaces to accept paint evenly and effectively.
   • Paint: Paint can be applied to a wide range of surfaces beyond what primers are designed for, including previously primed surfaces, as well as non-primed surfaces like furniture, cabinets, and more.

Primer prepares the surface for paint by providing adhesion, sealing, and enhancing the durability of the paint job, while paint adds color, texture, and protection to the surface.